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A growing number of people are turning to free AI tools for legal help, from drafting divorce papers to fighting traffic tickets. But attorneys warn that relying on artificial intelligence instead of a licensed lawyer can carry serious risks.
“Just relying on AI is too risky and it could be more costly,” said attorney Giovana Gallo, who practices family, immigration and bankruptcy law.
Gallo said people who depend entirely on AI — especially when representing themselves — may not fully understand the legal defenses available to them.
“When you rely on AI and probably represent yourself, and the result on your day didn’t come out right, it came exactly the opposite because you didn’t have the defense,” Gallo said.
Courts are already dealing with the consequences of AI misuse. In February, the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals sanctioned an attorney $2,500 after she filed a brief filled with AI-generated fabrications. Judges in California and New York have also issued fines of up to $31,000 and referred attorneys for discipline in similar cases.
“AI is not always accurate; you have to take that into consideration,” Gallo said.
Gallo cautioned against using AI-drafted legal documents, warning they may not hold up in court. Mistakes can have serious consequences — missing a deadline in a custody case could mean losing time with your children, while errors on an immigration form could jeopardize your future.
“Assuming you’re using AI as your attorney…and the other counsel is telling you, you should look into this, because this is what applies in this situation, and you insist, no AI tells me,” Gallo said. “It’s not that you’re going to be sanctioned for using AI, but it’s the behaviour behind it, because you’re insisting that AI is right.”
Attorneys also warn that anything shared with AI tools is not protected by the attorney-client privilege. That means sensitive legal strategies, personal information, and even admissions could potentially be used against someone in court.
“An order from a judge is an order, not something you can ignore. Then you have serious consequences, contempt that could reach criminal charges,” Gallo said.
Experts say AI can still be useful as a research tool — but only when a qualified attorney reviews the information.
For those concerned about cost, resources like the State Bar of California’s lawyer referral service or local legal aid organizations can help connect people with licensed attorneys.
The bottom line: AI may be fast and inexpensive, but using it as a substitute for legal representation is a risk that could make a difficult situation much worse.
This story was originally reported for broadcast by NBC San Diego. AI tools helped convert the story to a digital article, and an NBC San Diego journalist edited the article for publication.
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